Pdf in vitro induction of mutation in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Targeted mutagenesis in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Like all plant breeding methods, mutation breeding is also a numbers game. Amongst the obstacles against this are the changing climate increasing temperatures and more erratic rainfall which most often compromise crop productivity parry et al. Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as variation breeding, is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars.
It is imperative that the international scientific community understands that plant breeding is primarily an organismal science and serves as the backbone of research developments. Mutations in these two genes were detected in cotton protoplasts. The best italian pasta, ruby red grapefruits and 3,000 other crop varieties consumed by millions every day were created by scrambling their genes in a laboratorynow they are called organic foods. Historically the word mutation has been used to describe an inheritable phenotypic change regardless of its genetic origin. During the 1970s and 1980s, mutation breeding made a tremendous contribution to crop improvement. Mutagenesis in plant breeding for disease and pest resistance 197 protein receptors coded by r genes in every single cell in contrast to invertebrate animals that have circulating system, which constitute s to important distinction between plant and. The term mutation breeding was first coined by freisleben and lein in 1944 to refer to the deliberate induction and development of mutant lines for crop improvement spontaneous and induced mutations. Breeding hybrid cotton heterosis in seed cotton yield and boll number results mainly due to nonadditive dominance and epistatic gene action, both in interspecific and intraspecific diploid crosses.
Pdf mutation breeding for crop improvement aamir raina. These varieties have significant impact upon the economy of the country. Mutation breeding the genetic improvement of crop plants for various economic traits through the use of induced mutations is referred to as mutation breeding. Mutation breeding has made a significant contribution to the national economy of the countries like china, india, japan, pakistan and usa. Sharma b, kharkwal mc 1983b mutation studies and mutation breeding in grain legumes.
Jan 27, 2010 this title introduces the different methods and then focuses on the screening, detection and analysis of the novel mutations. Application of mutation breeding methods in the improvement. Conventional breeding will be replaced with molecular breeding, a joint venture of breeders and molecular biologists. Total number of direct use cultivars is 212 and that of indirect use cultivars is 230 4. Economic and agricultural impact of mutation breeding in cottinis.
Mutation breeding studies are widely preferred to improve cultivars tolerant or resistant to various abiotic stresses and biotic stresses such as bacteria, viruses, and pathogens and to improve the quality and the agricultural traits of the crops such as oil, protein, and yield. Mutation beading achieved evolving improved variety in cotton. China has also been successful in breeding soybean varieties using mutation techniques. This variety is obtained from the t1145 variety at boses institute, calcutta. A mutation breeding program to improve the quality of the oil crop crambe. Apr 30, 20 mutation breeding employed when no natural variation exists forthe trait mutation breeding is not commonly used incotton now 33.
Induced mutation technology for crop improvement scientists at the iaeas seibersdorf laboratories are helping breeders to develop crops having more desirable traits present forms of life are the product of three factors. Mutation breeding the utilization of induced mutation for crop improvement is known as mutation breeding. Now, as the techniques of molecular biology become more widely adopted by plant breeders, this comprehensive summary sets mutation breeding in a contemporary context and relates it to other breeding techniques, including the most recently developed. Pdf a mutation is a sudden heritable change in the dna in a living cell, not caused by genetic segregation or genetic recombination. Marker assisted breeding and empowerment over directed breeding is the new norm of cotton breeding. Mutations produced by changes in the base sequences of genes are known as gene or point mutations. In the present scenario of sky high population, depleting arable land and water resource, erratic rainfalls global food insecurity is a major challenge to the human existence. In molecular terms, mutation is defined as the permanent and relatively rare change in the number or sequence of nucleotide. Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. Principle and application of plant mutagenesis in crop improvement. Procedure for mutation breeding treating a biological material with a mutagen in order to induce mutations is known as mutagenesis. Hybridization this is the most widely used method ofdeveloping new cotton varieties employed to combine desirable features ofdifferent cotton cultivars 34. Chapters contributed by multidisciplinary group of competent scientists will be an excellent reference book on classical mutation breeding. For example, the mutant soybean varieties developed by the genetics institute of the chinese academy of sciences possess different excellent traits such as high yield, good grain quality, diseaseinsect resistance, or droughtsalt tolerance.
Mutagenesis in plant breeding for disease and pest resistance. Mutation breeding employed when no natural variation exists forthe trait mutation breeding is not commonly used incotton now 33. Pdf this paper describes a protocol to develop cotton mutant lines with improved yield and fiber. Most of the mutations were nucleotide deletions, and the mutation efficiencies were 47. Mutation occurs in nature are called spontaneous mutation. Mutation may be the change in gene, chromosome or plasmagene genetic material inside mitochondria and chloroplasts. The importance of the cotton crop to pakistans economy is undeniable, but. In the 73 years of mutation breeding 193920, a total of 3,218 varieties obtained through mutation breeding have been registered in the iaea database. Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book.
Biotechnologies for plant mutation breeding springerlink. The maximum plant species improved via mutation breeding 17. In the sugar beet experiment noted above, of over 3200 m2 families derived from an early bolting line treated with ems, only 9 families exhibited the desired nonbolting trait and eventually gave rise to 5 lines with the nonbolting phenotype hohmann et al. The wheat mutant variety kiran 95 and the cotton mutant variety niab78 were. Mutation is the sudden heritable change in an organism. Economic and agricultural impact of mutation breeding in cotton in pakistan. In such situation if the crops are made disease resistant, food production is increased and use of fungicides and bactericides would also be reduced. Mutation breeding is the purposeful application of mutations in plant breeding.
Everything you need to know about mutation breeding. With the release of more than 305 mutant cultivars belonging to 56 plant species, india has also become a major recognised centre for work on induced mutations and the second largest contributor of the. Written by a global team of authors the book is an indispensable tool for all scientists working on crop breeding in industry and academia. Induced mutations in plant breeding and biological researches. Im going to explain this by saying there are three different slots used when breeding, one and three taking items, and two being the natural mutation chance cotton root bark can be used alongside any other mutation items, lets say this takes up slot one the lioness natural chances of throwing a mutation takes up slot two. Mutation breeding, evolution, and the law of recurrent variation.
Since the first issue of mutation breeding newsletter mbnl was born in may. The role of induced mutations in world food security. The handbook of plant mutation screening wiley online books. Fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode pathogens attack the cultivated crops.
Applications of ionizing radiation in mutation breeding. Role of classical mutation breeding in crop improvement. Satish kumar, vikas gupta and chandra nath mishra icarindian institute of wheat and barley research, karnal2001 haryana mutation is a sudden heritable change in a characteristic of an organism. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.
Improving sustainable cotton production through enhanced. The mutation process generates random genetic variations, resulting in mutant plants with new and useful traits. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Resilience to climate change using mutation breeding. Pdf in the present study, two varieties of cotton mcu 5 and mcu 11 were. Figure 2 number of cultivars developed by mutation breeding in each 5year period from 19612005. The high yielding varieties of rice produced by mutation breeding is p 500.
The food insecurity is further facilitated by the major climatic change. Mutation breeding for crop improvement make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises contributes to faos strategic objectives 2, 4 and 5 fao iaealjupcho jankuloski fao iaealjupcho jankuloski. Application of mutation breeding methods in the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. Mutation breeding efforts continue around the world today. Mutation based herbicide tolerance in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Applied since the 1930s to accelerate the process of developing and selecting new valuable agronomic traits, mutation breeding uses a plants own genetic makeup, mimicking the natural process of spontaneous mutation. Crisprcas9 system can advance cotton functional genomic research and substantially increase the potential for cotton molecular breeding. Plant mutation breeding and biotechnology food and agriculture. Mutation breeding for crop improvement springerlink. Mutation breeding induced mutations for crop improvement what is mutation. Dec 03, 2016 introduction the term mutation breeding mutationszuchtung was first coined by freisleben and lein 1944 he referred mutation breeding as the deliberate induction and development of mutant lines for crop improvement milestones in mutation breeding 300bc the ancient chinese book lulan provides the first documentation of mutant. Mutation discovery for crop improvement journal of.
Applications of ionizing radiation in mutation breeding, new insights on gamma rays, ahmed m. Increasing crop yields to ensure food security is a major challenge. Role of classical mutation breeding in crop improvement the. A caiety named indore2 was developed from malwa upland 4 by xray. It is hoped that the book will prove immense value to research workers, teachers, students and individuals who are interested for. Crispr cas9 system can advance cotton functional genomic research and substantially increase the potential for cotton molecular breeding.